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Subject: FAQ: comp.ai.genetic part 4/6 (A Guide to Frequently Asked Questions) Newsgroups: comp.ai.genetic,comp.answers,news.answers From: David.Beasley@cf.cm.ac.uk (David Beasley) Date: Fri, 18 Mar 94 15:19:46 GMT Archive-name: ai-faq/genetic/part4 Last-Modified: 3/20/94 Issue: 2.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS OF PART 4 Q10: What introductory material on EAs is there? Q10.1: Suitable background reading for beginners? Q10.2: Textbooks on EC? Q10.3: The Classics? Q10.4: Introductory Journal Articles? Q10.5: Introductory Technical Reports? Q10.6: Not-quite-so-introductory Literature? Q10.7: Biological Background Readings? Q10.8: On-line bibliography collections? Q10.9: Videos? Q10.10: CD-ROMs? Q10.11: How do I get a copy of a dissertation? Q11: What EC related journals and magazines are there? Q12: What are the important conferences/proceedings on EC? Q13: What Evolutionary Computation Associations exist? Q14: What Technical Reports are available? Q15: What other sources of information are there? Q15.1: What Electronic Digests are there? Q15.2: What Electronic Mailing Lists are there? Q15.3: Which Research Institutes can be accessed over the net? Q15.4: What relevant newsgroups and FAQs are there? Q15.5: What about all these Internet Services? ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Q10: What introductory material on EAs is there? There are many sources of introductory material on evolutionary algorithms: background books (see Q10.1), textbooks (see Q10.2), classical works (see Q10.3), journal articles (see Q10.4), technical reports (see Q10.5), more advanced literature (see Q10.6), biological background reading (see Q10.7), bibliography collections (see Q10.8), videos (see Q10.9) and CD-ROMs (Q10.10). Information on how to get dissertations is also given below (see Q10.11). Conference proceedings (see Q12) are also a good source of up-to-date (and sometimes introductory) material. ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.1: Suitable background reading for beginners? These books give a "flavor" of what the subject is about. Dawkins, R. (1976, 1989 2nd ed) "The Selfish Gene", Oxford: Oxford University Press. [The 2nd edition includes two new chapters] Dawkins, R. (1982) "The Extended Phenotype: The Gene as a Unit of Selection", Oxford: Oxford University Press. Dawkins, R. (1986) "The Blind Watchmaker", New York: W.W. Norton. Gonick, L. (1983) "The Cartoon Guide to Computer Science", New York: Barnes & Nobel. [eds note: features an interesting chapter on Charles Babbage in conjunction with "horse racing forecasting", if you want to use EAs to fullfill this task, better read this section first] Gonick, L. (1983) "The Cartoon Guide to Genetics", New York: Barnes & Nobel. Regis, E. (1987) "Who got Einstein's Office? Eccentricity and Genius at the Institute for Advanced Study", Reading, MA: Addison Wesley [eds note: chapters 5, 10 and 12] Levy, S. (1992) "Artificial Life: The Quest for a new Creation", New York, NY: Pantheon. [LEVY92] [eds note: read this and you will have the urge to work in this field] Sigmund, K. (1993) "Games of Life: Explorations in Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour", Oxford: Univ. Press. 252 pp. Hard/Softcover avail. ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.2: Textbooks on EC? These books go into the "nuts and bolts" of EC. Goldberg, D.E. (1989) "Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning", available from Addison-Wesley Publishing, (617) 944-3700. [GOLD89] Davis, L. (ed) (1991) "Handbook of Genetic Algorithms", available from Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10003, (800) 926-2665. ISBN 0-442-00173-8. [DAVIS91] Michalewicz, Z. (1992) Genetic algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs", Springer-Verlag, 175 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, (212) 460-1500. Koza, J.R. (1992), Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by means of Natural Selection", Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [KOZA92] ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.3: The Classics? Mostly older works which have helped to shape the field. Charles Darwin (1859), "The Origin of Species", London: John Murray. (Penguin Classics, London, 1985; New American Library, Mentor Paperback) Box, G.E.P. (1957) "Evolutionary operation: a method of increasing industrial productivity", Applied Statistics, 6, 81-101. Fraser, A.S. (1957) "Simulation of genetic systems by automatic digital computers", Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 10, 484-491. Friedman, G.J. (1959) "Digital simulation of an evolutionary process", General Systems Yearbook, 4:171-184. Bremermann, H.J. (1962) "Optimization through evolution and recombination". In M.C. Yovits, et al, (eds) Self-Organizing Systems. Washington, DC: Spartan Books. Holland, J.H. (1962) "Outline for a logical theory of adaptive systems", JACM, 3, 297-314. Samuel, A.L. (1963) "Some Studies in Machine Learning using the Game of Checkers", in Computers and Thought, E.A. Feigenbaum and J. Feldman (eds), New York: McGraw-Hill. Walter, W.G. (1963) "The Living Brain", New York: W.W. Norton. Fogel, L.J., Owens, A.J. & Walsh, M.J. (1966) "Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution", New York: Wiley. Rosen, R. (1967) "Optimality Principles in Biology", London: Butterworths. Rechenberg, I. (1973, 1993 2nd edn) "Evolutionsstrategie: Optimierung technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der biologischen Evolution", Stuttgart: Fromman-Holzboog. (Evolution Strategy: Optimization of technical systems by means of biological evolution) Holland, J.H. (1975) "Adaptation in natural and artificial systems", Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press. De Jong, K.A. (1975) "An analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems", Doctoral thesis, Dept. of Computer and Communication Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Schwefel, H.-P. (1977) "Numerische Optimierung von Computer-Modellen mittels der Evolutionsstrategie", Basel: Birkhaeuser. Schwefel, H.-P. (1981) "Numerical Optimization of Computer Models", Chichester: Wiley. [eds note: English translation of the previous entry; a reworked edition is currently in preparation for 1994] Axelrod, R. (1984) "The evolution of cooperation", NY: Basic Books. Cramer, N.L. (1985) "A Representation for the Adaptive Generation of Simple Sequential Programs" [ICGA85], 183-187. Baeck, T., Hoffmeister, F. & Schwefel, H.-P. (1991) "A Survey of Evolution Strategies" [ICGA91], 2-9. Rudolph, G. (1994) "Convergence Analysis of Canonical Genetic Algorithms", IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Special issue on EP. ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.4: Introductory Journal Articles? Goldberg, D.E. (1986) "The Genetic Algorithm: Who, How, and What Next?". In Kumpati S. Narenda, ed., Adaptive and Learning Systems, Plenum, New York, NY. Dawkins, R. (1987) "The Evolution of Evolvability", [ALIFEI], 201-220. Hillis, W.D. (1987) "The Connection Machine", Scientific American, 255(6). Holland, J.H. (1989) "Using Classifier Systems to Study Adaptive Nonlinear Networks". In: Lectures in the Science of Complexity, SFI Studies in the Science of Complexity, D. Stein, (ed), Addison Wesley. Brooks, R.A. (1991) "Intelligence without Reason", MIT AI Memo No. 1293. Appeared in "Computer's and Thought", IJCAI-91. Hillis, W.D. (1992) "Massively Parallel Computing" Daedalus, winter, 121(1), 1-29. [HILLIS92] Holland, J.H. (1992) "Genetic Algorithms", Scientific American, 260(9), 44-51. [HOLLAND92] Holland, J.H. (1992) "Complex Adaptive Systems" Daedalus, winter, 121(1), 17-30. Sims, K. (1991) "Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics", Computer Graphics, 25(4), 319-328 Spears, W.M., DeJong, K.A., Baeck, T., Fogel, D. & de Garis, H. (1993) "An Overview of Evolutionary Computation", [ECML93], 442-459. Baeck, T. & Schwefel, H.-P. (1993) "An Overview of Evolutionary Algorithms for Parameter Optimization", Evolutionary Computation, 1(1), 1-23. Baeck, T., Rudolph, G. & Schwefel, H.-P. (1993) "Evolutionary Programming and Evolution Strategies: Similarities and Differences", [EP93], 11-22. Mitchell, M. & Forrest S. (1993) "Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Life", Artificial Life, 1(1). Also avail. as SFI Working Paper 31-11-072. Beasley, D., Bull, D.R., & Martin, R.R. (1993) "An Overview of Genetic Algortihms: Part 1, Fundamentals", University Computing, 15(2) 58-69. Available by ftp from ENCORE (See Q15.3) in file: GA/papers/over93.ps.gz or from ralph.cm.cf.ac.uk:/pub/GAs/ga_overview1.ps Beasley, D., Bull, D.R., & Martin, R.R. (1993) "An Overview of Genetic Algortihms: Part 2, Research Topics", University Computing, 15(4) 170-181. Available by ftp from ENCORE (See Q15.3) in file: GA/papers/over93-2.ps.gz or from ralph.cm.cf.ac.uk:/pub/GAs/ga_overview2.ps ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.5: Introductory Technical Reports? Hoffmeister, F. & Baeck, T. (1990, 1992) "Genetic Algorithms and Evolution Strategies: Similarities and Differences", University of Dortmund, Dept. of CS, SyS-1/92. Available by ftp from lumpi.informatik.uni-dortmund.de: Whitley, D. (1993) "A Genetic Algorithm Tutorial", Colorado State University, Dept. of CS, TR CS-93-103. Available by ftp from beethoven.cs.colostate.edu: ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.6: Not-quite-so-introductory Literature? Bock, P. (1993) "The Emergence of Artificial Cognition: An Introduction to Collective Learning", Singapore: World Scientific. Davis, L. (ed) (1987) "Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing", available from Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (address and phone number below). Davidor, Y. (1991) "Genetic Algorithms and Robotics", Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 9-810202172. Forrest, S. (ed) (1990) "Emergent Computation. Self-Organizing, Collective, and Cooperative Phenomena in Natural and Artificial Computing Networks", [FORREST90], Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Special issue of Physica D.) Hillis, W.D. (1990) "Co-Evolving Parasites Improve Simulated Evolution as an Optimization procedure", [ALIFEII], 313-324. Holland, J.H., Holyoak, K.J., Nisbett, R.E. & Thagard, P.R. (1986) "Induction: Processes of Inference, Learning, and Discovery", Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Holland, J.H. (1992) "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books, (2nd edn). Hard: ISBN 0-262-08213-6. Soft: ISBN 0-262-58111-6. Serra, R. & Zanarini, G. (1990) "Complex Systems and Cognitive Processes", New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Stender, J. (ed.). (1993) "Parallel Genetic Algorithms", IOS Publishing. [Cites just about everything in the parallel GA field. -- John Koza] Rujan, P. (1988) "Searching for optimal configurations by simulated tunneling", Zeitschrift der Physik B", Vol.73, 391-416. ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.7: Biological Background Readings? Adams, D. with Carwardine M. (1990) "Last Chance to see...", London: Heinemann. [David Corne: I strongly suggest you read this. Its a report on visits to various parts of the world to see endangered species. It is remarkably and wonderfully funny and illuminating. It would actually be a good reference to have in any bit of the FAQ to do with genetic diversity and/or the lack of it, or the remarkable kinds of adaptations that can occur for the strangest reasons.] Cairns-Smith, A.G. (1985) "Seven Clues to the Origin of Life", Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Fisher, R.A. (1958) "The Genetic Theory of Natural Selection", New York: Dover. Lewin, B. (1993) "Genes IV". Lewontin, R.C. (1974) "The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change", New York: Columbia Univ. Press. Maynard Smith, J. (1972) "On Evolution", Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. Maynard Smith, J. (1978) "Optimization Theory in Evolution", Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9:31-56. Maynard Smith, J. (1982) "Evolution and the Theory of Games", Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Maynard Smith, J. (1989) "The Problems of Biology", Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Futuyma, D.J. (1986) "Evolutionary Biology", Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Assoc. [eds note: the bibliography of this book is truly a treasure chest] Maynard Smith, J. (1989) "Evolutionary Genetics", Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Mayr, E. (1963) "Animal Species and Evolution", Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press. Mayr, E. (1982) "The Groth of Biological Thought", Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. Ridley, M. (1985) "The Problems of Evolution", Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Watson, J.D. (1966) "Molecular Biology of the Gene", Menlo Park: Benjamin. Watson, J.D., Hopkins, N.H., Roberts, J.W., Steitz, J.A. & Weiner, A.M. (1987) "Molecular Biology of the Gene (4th edn)", Menlo Park: Benjamin. Williams, G.C. (1966) "Adaptation and Natural Selection", Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. Wright, S. (1932) "The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and selection in evolution", in: Proc. of the 6th Int'l Congress on Genetics I, 356. ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.8: On-line bibliography collections? The Big One Jarmo Alander has compiled probably the biggest EC bibliography around. It has 2500 entries, and is available in postscript form by ftp from: garbo.uwasa.fi:/pc/research/2500GArefs.ps.gz and also from ENCORE (see Q15.3) in file refs/2500GArefs.ps.gz Please send any additions or corrections to <ja@cs.hut.fi> The same directory on ENCORE also contains some other bibliography collections. Bibliography at Florida Atlantic University A bibliography of over 400 entries in the area of Evolutionary Computation (GA/ES/EP/GP) is available (in BibTeX and PostScript formats) by anonymous FTP from: magenta.me.fau.edu:/pub/ep-list/bib/EC-ref.bib.Z magenta.me.fau.edu:/pub/ep-list/bib/EC-ref.ps.Z The above files are compressed. Please make sure you use "binary" mode when you transfer these files. Please send any additions and corrections to <saravan@amber.me.fau.edu> or <EP- List@magenta.me.fau.edu>. Combinations of GAs and NNs Dave Schaffer <ds1@philabs.Philips.Com> has compiled a bibliograpy on combinations of and neural networks. About 150 entries, available in Bib format from ENCORE (See Q15.3) in file refs/cogann.bib.gz Bibliography at IlliGAL A bibliography on Genetic Algorithms compiled by David E. Goldberg, Kelsey Milman, and Christina Tidd is available as IlliGAL Report No 92008 (see Q14), via ftp from: gal4.ge.uiuc.edu:/pub/papers/IlliGALs/92008part?.ps.Z Evolutionary Models in the Social Sciences Edmund Chattoe <econec@vax.ox.ac.uk> has set up a bibliorgraphy/mailing list on Evolutionary Models In Economics and the Social Sciences. You can subscribe to the list by sending a message with the string "subs-list" in the subject line to <econec@black.ox.ac.uk>. You will get a short message confirming your subscription and providing more information about the server. In addition the latest copy of the EMSS bibliography and some accompanying notes can be retrieved from this site automatically. GAs and Economics Bernard Manderick <manderic@cs.few.eur.nl> has compiled a bibliography on the use of GAs in economics, and this was published in GA-Digest, v7n4 (with some followup comments in v7n5 & v7n7). This can be retrieved by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil:/pub/galist/digests/v7n4 (see Q15.1). GAs in Control Carlos Fonseca <fonseca@acse.sheffield.ac.uk> has compiled a bibliography of about 50 references on GAs in Control, and it was published in GA-Digest, v7n18. This can be retrieved by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil:/pub/galist/digests/v7n18 (see Q15.1). Genetic Programming John Koza <koza@CS.Stanford.EDU> has compiled an annotated bibliography on GP, and about 60 references were published in GA- Digest, v7n30. This can be retrieved by FTP from ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil:/pub/galist/digests/v7n30 or from ENCORE (See Q15.3) in file refs/gp-ref.gz Masters and PhD theses Richard K. Belew has collected information on approximately 2600 Masters and Ph.D. theses, nominally in the area of AI. The entire list (about 170KB) is available for anonymous FTP at: cs.ucsd.edu:/pub/rik/aigen.rpt Questions, suggestions, additions etc. to <rik@cs.ucsd.edu>. ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.9: Videos? Sims, K. (1990) "Panspermia", ACM Sigraph Review. Order form available by ftp: siggraph.org:/publications/video_review/order_blank Look in that directory for other useful information. Note that "Panspermia" is Item 23 of Issue 62 of the "SIGGRAPH Video Review". Langton, C.G. (ed) (1992) "Artificial Life II Video Proceedings" The Advanced Book Program of the Santa Fe Institute: Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-201-55492-5. [ALIFEII- V] Koza, J.R. & Rice, J.P. (1992) "Genetic Programming: The Movie", Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. See GP-faq for an order form. (see Q15) The Santa Fe Institute has produced a thirteen minute promotional video, which includes a five minute segment discussing the Tierra research project, illustrated with a very high quality animation produced by the Anti Gravity Workshop in Santa Monica, CA. To obtain the video, contact the Santa Fe Institute at: 1660 Old Pecos Trail, Suite A, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 (Tel: 505-984-8800, Fax: 505-982-0565, Net: <email@santafe.edu>) or contact Linda Feferman: <fef@santafe.edu> or <0005851689@mcimail.com> ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.10: CD-ROMs? PTF for AI by CMU Carnegie Mellon University is establishing an Artificial Intelligence Repository to contain public domain and freely distributable software, publications, and other materials of interest to AI researchers, educators, and students. The AI Repository will be accessible by anonymous FTP and Andrew File System (AFS) without charge. The contents of the repository will also be published by Prime Time Freeware as an inexpensive mixed-media (Book/CD-ROM) publication. For your information, here is a precis of the CD-ROM: PTF for AI is a periodic collection of AI-related source code and documentation. PTF for AI in no way modifies the legal restrictions on any package it includes. The first issue (1-1; Summer, 1993) consisted of an ISO-9660 CD-ROM bound into a ~100 page book. It contained ~600 MB of gzipped archives (2+ GB uncompressed and unpacked). Cost: $60 US. For more information contact: Mark Kantrowitz, Archivist, CMU AI Repository, Editor, PTF for AI. Net: <mkant+repository@cs.cmu.edu>, Tel: +1 412-268-2582, Fax: +1 412-681-5739. AI CD-ROM by NCC Network Cybernetics Corporation is now shipping the second annual revision of their popular AI CD-ROM, an ISO-9660 format CD-ROM containing a wide assortment of information on AI, Robotics, and other advanced machine technologies. The AI CD-ROM contains thousands of programs, source code collections, tutorials, research papers, Internet journals, and other resources. The topics covered include artificial intelligence, artificial life, robotics, virtual reality, and many related fields. Programs for OS/2, DOS, Macintosh, UNIX, Amiga, and other platforms can be found on the disc. The files have been collected from civilian and government research centers, universities, Internet archive sites, BBS systems and other sources. The CD-ROM is updated annually to keep it current with the latest trends and developments in advanced machine technologies such as AI. The AI CD-ROM Rev. 1 was a CD-ROM PROFESSIONAL CONSUMER DISK PRODUCT OF THE YEAR AWARD finalist and has received good reviews in many magazines including Byte (Jerry Pournelle, March '93) and IEEE Computer (J. Zalewski, July '93), CD-ROM Professional and others. For people wanting to see a complete listing of the CD's contents, look for the file AICDROM2.ZIP at an ftp site near you. The file is also available from the Compuserve AI forum, and the NCC dial-up BBS at 214-258-1832. It contains the file listing, this press release, a couple of magazine reviews of the disc, and other assorted information. Inquiries to: Network Cybernetics Corporation, 4201 Wingren Road, Suite 202, Irving, TX 75062-2763, USA (Fax: 214-650-1929, Net: <orders@ncc.com>) ------------------------------ Subject: Q10.11: How do I get a copy of a dissertation? All US American dissertations are available from: UMI Dissertation Information Service University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, USA Tel.: 800-521-0600, or +1 (313) 761-4700 ------------------------------ Subject: Q11: What EC related journals and magazines are there? [eds note: comments on speed of reviewing and publishing, whether they accept LaTeX/TeX format or ASCII by e-mail, etc. are welcome] 1. Dedicated EC Journals: Evolutionary Computation Published quarterly by: MIT Press Journals, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1399, USA. Tel: (617) 253-2889, Fax: (617) 258-6779, Net: <journals-orders@mit.edu> Along with the explosive growth of the computing industry has come the need to design systems capable of functioning in complex, changing ENVIRONMENTs. Considerable effort is underway to explore alternative approaches to designing more robust computer systems capable of learning from and adapting to the environment in which they operate. One broad class of such techniques takes its inspiration from natural systems with particular emphasis on evolutionary models of computation such as GAs, ESs. CFS, and EP. Until now, information on these techniques has been widely spread over numerous disciplines, conferences, and journals. [eds note: The editorial board reads like a who-is-who in EC.] For paper e-mail submission, use one of the following addresses: America: John Grefenstette <gref@aic.nrl.navy.mil> Europe: Heinz Muehlenbein <heinz.muehlenbein@gmd.de> Asia: Hiroaki Kitano <kitano@spls26.ccs.mt.nec.co.jp> Ed-in-chief: Ken De Jong <kdejong@aic.gmu.edu> Please note, that submissions should be sent to one of the sub- editors. Grefenstette and Kitano accept LaTeX or PostScript submissions. BioSystems Journal of Biological and Information Processing Sciences, Elsevier Science Publishers, P.O. Box 1527, 1000 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. BioSystems encourages experimental, computational, and theoretical articles that link biology, evolutionary thinking, and the information processing sciences. The link areas form a circle that encompasses the fundamental nature of biological information processing, computational modeling of complex biological systems, evolutionary models of computation, the application of biological principles to the design of novel computing systems, and the use of biomolecular materials to synthesize artificial systems that capture essential principles of natural biological information processing. Topics: Molecular EVOLUTION: Self-organizing and self-replicating systems, Origin and evolution of the genetic mechanism; Biological Information Processing: Molecular recognition, Cellular control, Neuromuscular computing, Biological adaptability, Molecular computing technologies; EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMS: Stochastic evolutionary algorithms, Evolutionary OPTIMIZATION, SIMULATION of genetic and ecological systems, Applications (neural nets, machine learning, robotics)) 2. Related Journals: Complex Systems Published by: Complex Systems Publications, Inc., P.O. Box 6149, Champaign, IL 61821-8149, USA. Complex Systems devotes to the rapid publication of research on the science, mathematics, and engineering of systems with simple components but complex overall behavior. Try finger(1) on <jcs@wri.com> for additional info. Machine Learning Published by: Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358 USA. Machine Learning is an international forum for research on computational approaches to learning. The journal publishes articles reporting substantive research results on a wide range of learning methods applied to a variety of task domains. The ideal paper will make a theoretical contribution supported by a computer implementation. The journal has published many key papers in learning theory, reinforcement learning, and decision tree methods. The journal regularly publishes special issues devoted to GAs and CFS as well. Adaptive Behavior Published quarterly by: MIT Press Journals, details above. Broadly, behavior is adaptive if it deals successfully with changes circumstances. For example, when surprised, a hungry --but environmentally informed-- mouse may dart for cover rather than another piece of cheese. Similarly, a tripped-up ROBOT [eds note: not necessarily built by Sirius Cybernetics Corp.] could get back on its feet and accomplish a moonrock-finding mission if it had learned to cope with unanticipated lunar potholes. Adaptive Behavior thus takes an approach complementary to traditional AI. Now basic abilities that allow animals to survive, or ROBOTs to perform their mission in unpredictable ENVIRONMENTs, will be studied in preference to more elaborate and human-specific abilities. The journal also aims to investigate which new insights into intelligence and cognition can be achieved by explicitly taking into account the ENVIRONMENT feedback --mediated by behavior-- that an animal or a ROBOT receives, instead of studying components of intelligence in isolation. Topics: INDIVIDUAL and Collective Behavior. Neural Correlates of Behavior. Perception and Motor Control. Motivation and Emotion. Action SELECTION and Behavioral Sequences. Internal World Models. Ontogeny, Learning, and EVOLUTION. Characterization of ENVIRONMENTs. Artificial Life Published quarterly by: MIT Press Journals, details above. Artificial Life is intended to be the primary forum for the dissemination of scientific and engineering research in the field of ARTIFICIAL LIFE. It will report on synthetic biological work being carried out in any and all media, from the familiar "wetware" of organic chemistry, through the inorganic "hardware" of mobile ROBOTs, all the way to the virtual "software" residing inside computers. Research topics ranging from the fabrication of self-replicating molecules to the study of evolving POPULATIONs of computer programs will be included. There will also be occasional issues devoted to special topics, such as L-Systems, GENETIC ALGORITHMs, in-vitro EVOLUTION of molecules, artificial cells, computer viruses, and many social and philosophical issues arising from the attempt to synthesize life artificially. [eds note: The editorial board reads like a who-is-who in ALIFE] Evolutionary Economics Published quarterly by: Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center Secaucus, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094, USA. Tel: (201) 348-4033, Fax: (201) 348-4505. Evolutionary Economics aims to provide an international forum for a new approach to economics. Following the tradition of Joseph A. Schlumpeter, it is designed to focus on original research with an evolutionary conception of the economy. The journal will publish articles with strong emphasis on dynamics, changing structures (including technologies, institutions, beliefs, imitation, etc.). It favors interdisciplinary analysis and is devoted to theoretical, methodological and applied work. Research areas include: industrial dynamics; multi-sectoral and cross-country studies of productivity; innovations and new technologies; dynamic competition and structural change in a national and international context; causes and effects of technological, political and social changes; cyclic processes in economic EVOLUTION; the role of governments in a dynamic world; modeling complex dynamic economic systems; application of concepts, such as self-organization, bifurcation, and chaos theory to economics; evolutionary games. ------------------------------ Subject: Q12: What are the important conferences/proceedings on EC? 1. Dedicated EC Conferences: ICGA: International Conference on Genetic Algorithms Major international conference held in North America in odd-numbered years. Covers all aspects of EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on GENETIC ALGORITHMs (1985) J.J. Grefenstette (ed) [ICGA85] and Proc. of the 2nd Int'l Conf. on Genetic Algorithms (1987) J.J. Grefenstette (ed) [ICGA87] available from Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 365 Broadway, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 07642, (800) 926-6579. Proc. of the 3rd Int'l Conf. on GENETIC ALGORITHMs (1989) J.D. Schaffer (ed) [ICGA89] and Proc. of the 4th Int'l Conf. on Genetic Algorithms (1991) R.K. Belew and L.B. Booker (eds) [ICGA91] and Proc. of the 5th Int'l Conf. on Genetic Algorithms (1993) S. Forrest (ed) [ICGA93] available from Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 50490, Palo Alto, CA, 94303-9953, (415) 578-9911. Net: <morgan@unix.sri.com> FOGA: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms Major international workshop focusing on theoretical aspects of EC, that's usually limited to some 50 participants and is held somewhere in North America. FOGA 3 will take place from July 30 to August 3 in 1994, in Estes Park, outside Rocky Mountain National Park. Paper submission and inquires to: Darrell Whitley, Dept. of CS, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Net: <whitley@cs.colostate.edu> Foundations of GENETIC ALGORITHMs (1991) G.J.E. Rawlins (ed) [FOGA91] and Foundations of Genetic Algorithms 2 (1993) L.D. Whitley [FOGA93] available from Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 50490, Palo Alto, CA, 94303-9953, (415) 578-9911. Net: <morgan@unix.sri.com> PPSN: Parallel Problem Solving from Nature Major international conference held in Europe in even-numbered years. Covers all aspects of problem solving inspired by natural processes. The 1994 conference will be held in Israel in a Kibbutz close to Jerusalem, October 9-14. For details contact Yuval Davidor <yuval@weizmann.ac.il>. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, (1990) H.-P. Schwefel and R. Maenner (eds) [PPSN90] published by Springer-Verlag, 175 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, (212) 460-1500. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature 2, (1992) R. Maenner and B. Manderick (eds) [PPSN92] published by North-Holland, Elsevier Science Publishers, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature 3, (1994) Y. Davidor, [PPSN94] (to be published) EP: Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming Major international annual conference held in San Diego, CA, USA. Covers all aspects of EC with emphasis on EP related research. The 1994 conference was held in San Diego, February 24-25. For details contact David Fogel <fogel@sunshine.ucsd.edu>. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMMING, (1992) D.B. Fogel and W. Atmar (eds), [EP92], and Proc. of the 2nd Annual Conf. on Evolutionary Programming, (1993) D.B. Fogel and W. Atmar (eds), [EP93] published by the Evolutionary Programming Society, 9363 Towne Centre Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, Attn: Bill Porto, Treasurer. (cf Q13) 2. Related Conferences: Alife: International Conference on Artificial Life Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on ARTIFICIAL LIFE, (1989) C.G. Langton (ed), Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Proc. Vol. VI, [ALIFEI] and Proc. of the 2nd Int'l Conf. on Artificial Life II, (1992) C.G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. Doyne Farmer and S. Rasmussen (eds), Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Proc. Vol. X, [ALIFEII] and Proc. of the 3rd Int'l Conf. on Artificial Life III, (1993) C.G. Langton (ed), [ALIFEIII] published by Addison Wesley, Redwood City, CA, USA. ARTIFICIAL LIFE IV, will be organized by Rodney Brooks, MIT AI Lab, and held at July 6-8, 1994. Proceedings will be edited by R. Brooks and P. Maes. Papers should be send to: Rodney Brooks/Alife IV, MIT AI Lab, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Or by e-mail to: <alife@ai.mit.edu>. ECAL: European Conference on Artificial Life Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on ARTIFICIAL LIFE, (1991) F.J. Varela and P. Bourgine (eds), [ECAL91] and Proc. of the 2nd European Conf. on ALIFE: Self-organization and life, from simple rules to global complexity, (1993) [..] (eds), [ECAL93] (to appear) published by MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA. ECML: European Conference on Machine Learning Machine Learning: ECML-93, Proc. European Conf. on Machine Learning, (1993) P.B. Brazil (ed), [ECML93] published by Springer, New York, NY, USA. SAB: International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior From Animals to Animats. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on SIMULATION of Adaptive Behavior, (1991) [SAB90] J.-A. Meyer and S.W. Wilson, ISBN 0-262-63138-5, and Proc. of the 2nd Int'l Conf. on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, (1993) [SAB92], J.-A. Meyer, H. Roitblat and S.W. Wilson (eds) and Proc. of the 3rd Int'l Conf. on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior, (to appear) [SAB94], P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer and S.W. Wilson (eds) published by MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA. SAB94 will take place on August 8-12, 1994 in Brighton, UK. Send general queries to: <sab94@cogs.susx.ac.uk> 3. Pointers to upcoming Conferences: The Genetic Algorithm Digest Aka "GA-Digest" always starts with a "Calendar of GA-related Events," i.e. a list of upcoming conferences, covering the complete field of EAs. (cf Q15) The Artificial Life Digest Aka "Alife digest" always starts with a "Calendar of Alife-related Events," that lists conferences, workshops, etc. (cf Q15) The Evolutionary Programming Digest Aka "EP-digest" doesn't list conferences explicitly, like the previously mentioned ones, but carries most CFP's; that can be looked at in the backissues folder as: magenta.me.fau.edu:/pub/ep- list/digest/vX.YYY.Z (cf Q15) ------------------------------ Subject: Q13: What Evolutionary Computation Associations exist? ISGA: International Society on Genetic Algorithms The ISGA is a mostly fascinating society: it neither has a membership fee (which makes it even more fascinating), nor an address. However, ISGA meetings usually take place during ICGA conferences, in so-called business meetings (BMs). [eds note: So during a conference, ask for BMs, if you want to join; or be ready to dart out of the room if you don't...] EPS: Evolutionary Programming Society Membership is $40/year ($10/year for students with id) and also gives you a discounted registration at the annual conference. You can also order EP proceedings ($30/members, $45/other) from EPS. Address: EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMMING Society, 9363 Towne Centre Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, Attn: Bill Porto, Treasurer. ------------------------------ Subject: Q14: What Technical Reports are available? TCGA Reports The Clearing House for Genetic Algorithms (TCGA) distributes TCGA technical reports. Contact: Robert Elliott Smith, Department of Engineering of Mechanics, Room 210 Hardaway Hall, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870278, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. Tel: (205) 348-1618, Fax: (205) 348-6419, Net: <rob@comec4.mh.ua.edu>. IlliGAL Reports The Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (IlliGAL) distributes IlliGAL technical reports, as well as reprints of other publications; they are available in hardcopy and can be ordered from the IlliGAL librarian. Contact: Eric Thompson, IlliGAL Librarian, Department of General Engineering, 117 Transportation Building, 104 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801-2996, USA. Tel: (217) 333-2346, Net: <library@gal1.ge.uiuc.edu>. NOTE: When ordering, please include your surface mail address! IlliGAL also have an anonymous-FTP server, holding most of the existing IlliGAL reports, at: gal4.ge.uiuc.edu:/pub/papers/IlliGALs/ SyS Reports The Systems Analysis Research Group (SyS) at the University of Dortmund, maintains an experimental anonymous FTP server: lumpi.informatik.uni-dortmund.de:/pub/ (129.217.36.140). On lumpi you can find SyS-Reports from 1992 on. (Get "/pub/ls-Ral.Z" and look for "papers" folders, the server is sorted by EA paradigms, i.e. "/pub/GA/papers" contains papers related to GAs, etc.). A strongly recommended, and quarterly updated, report is a list of current applications of GAs, EP and ESs; get "/pub/EA/papers/ea-app.ps.gz" (SyS-2/92). Bionics Reports The Bionics and EVOLUTION Techniques Laboratory at the Technical University of Berlin maintains an anonymous FTP server: ftp- bionik.fb10.tu-berlin.de:/pub/ (130.149.192.50). On ftp-bionik you find reports and software, related to Evolutionary Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks. Other Sources of Reports Reports are also available from some of the sources listed in Q15.1, Q15.2 and Q15.3. ------------------------------ Subject: Q15: What other sources of information are there? There are electronic digests (see Q15.1), electronic mailing lists (see Q15.2), research institutes (see Q15.3), and various USENET news groups (see Q15.4). ------------------------------ Subject: Q15.1: What Electronic Digests are there? Genetic Algorithm Digest The GA research community exchanges news, CFP's, etc. through this digest, currently moderated by Connie Ramsey and formerly by Alan C. Schultz, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5000, USA. A statistic published in v7,i3 stated that GA-digest is sent out world-wide to 1800 addresses in 28 countries. o Send administrative requests to <ga-list-REQUEST@aic.nrl.navy.mil> o The anonymous FTP archive: ftp.aic.nrl.navy.mil:/pub/galist/ contains back issues, GA-code, conference announcements (in "/pub/galist/information/conferences") and many other things. Info in "/pub/galist/FTP". Artificial Life Digest The ALIFE research community exchanges news, CFP's, etc. through this digest, edited by Liane Gabora and Rob Collins of the ARTIFICIAL LIFE Research Group at UCLA. o Send administrative requests to <alife-REQUEST@cognet.ucla.edu> o Anonymous FTP archive: ftp.cognet.ucla.edu:/pub/alife/ (128.97.50.19) Evolutionary Programming Digest The digest is intended to promote discussions on a wide range of technical issues in evolutionary OPTIMIZATION, as well as provide information on upcoming conferences, events, journals, special issues, and other items of interest to the EP community. Discussions on all areas of EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION are welcomed, including ARTIFICIAL LIFE, EVOLUTION STRATEGIEs, and GENETIC ALGORITHMs. The digest is meant to encourage interdisciplinary communications. Your suggestions and comments regarding the digest are always welcome. To subscribe to the digest, send mail to <ep-list- REQUEST@magenta.me.fau.edu> and include the line "subscribe ep-list" in the body of the text. Further instructions will follow your subscription. The digest is moderated by N. Saravan of Florida Atlantic University. ------------------------------ Subject: Q15.2: What Electronic Mailing Lists are there? Genetic Programming Mailing List The GP community uses this list as a discussion forum, news exchange and FAQ distribution channel, overseen by John Koza and James Rice at Stanford. o Admin requests: <genetic-programming-REQUEST@cs.stanford.edu> o The anonymous FTP archive: ftp.cc.utexas.edu:/pub/genetic- programming/ includes a lengthy, but "mostly interesting" FAQ by James Rice on GP related subjects. Tierra Mailing List Thomas Ray's Tierra is discussed elsewhere (see Q4.1); here's how to obtain Tierra electronically and get in contact with other users. o Admin requests: <tierra-REQUEST@life.slhs.udel.edu> o Anonymous FTP archive: tierra.slhs.udel.edu:/pub/ (tierra, almond, beagle, etc.) GA-Molecule mailing list o Admin details: <GA-MOLECULE-REQUEST@TAMMY.HARVARD.EDU> UK's Evolutionary-Computation mailing list o Admin details: <EVOLUTIONARY-COMPUTING-REQUEST@MAILBASE.AC.UK> GEnetic Algorithm Research Student mailing list Provides a forum for research students interested in GENETIC ALGORITHMs. o Admin requests: <gaphd-list-request@dcs.warwick.ac.uk> ------------------------------ Subject: Q15.3: Which Research Institutes can be accessed over the net? ENCORE ENCORE (The EvolutioNary COmputation REpository network) is a collection of anonymous FTP servers providing a wealth of information in the area of EC, from technical reports, copies of journal articles, down to source code for various EAs. While ENCORE is not actually a research institute, it does act as a distributor of much material generated at research institutes (and other places) which don't necessarily have their own FTP servers. Each node of ENCORE is referred to as an "EClair". The default EClair node of ENCORE is at the Santa Fe Institute: o alife.santafe.edu:/pub/USER-AREA/EC/ Other sites mirror the contents of the default node, and include: The Chinese University of Hong Kong: o ftp.cs.cuhk.hk/pub/EC/ (137.189.4.57) ENCORE superceedes SAFIER, an earlier service provided at the Santa Fe Institute. (Some parts of ENCORE may still make reference to SAFIER. The directory structure is the same below the top level.) Well worth getting is "The Navigator's Guide to ENCORE", a handbook to this service, in file: o handbook/encore.ps.gz (A4 paper) or o handbook/encore-US.ps.gz (US letter size paper). The Santa Fe Institute The Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity (SFI) issues a recommended series: SFI Studies in the Science of Complexity, published by Addison Wesley and maintains a well-sorted FTP server with EC related material. o Admin requests: <ftp@santafe.edu> o Anonymous FTP archive: ftp.santafe.edu:/pub/ Additionally, you can telnet bbs.santafe.edu and login as "bbs" to get access to the Santa Fe Institute's bulletin board system. It's administrator Scott D. Yelich <scott@santafe.edu> is actively seeking information on any complex system information for the BBS. This includes CAs, GAs, ALIFE or almost anything else related to this field. You will also find infos on SUMMERSCHOOLs held by the SFI. The Australian National University (ANU) The Bioinformatics facility at Australian National University has set up an anonymous FTP server, that contains EC related material, maintained by David G. Green. o Admin requests: <david.green@anu.edu.au> o Anonymous FTP archive: life.anu.edu.au:/pub/complex_systems/alife/ o Gopher protocol: Besides direct access to all FTP information, the gopher server offers online access to relevant newsgroups, online databases and direct links to relevant international services. Name=Complex systems Host=life.anu.edu.au Type=1 Port=70 Path=1/complex_systems o World Wide Web protocol: Besides access to all of the above, the hypermedia server offers introductory tutorials, preprints and papers online. The URL for this service is "http://life.anu.edu.au/complex_systems/complex.html" or link via the servers home page "http://life.anu.edu.au/". ------------------------------ Subject: Q15.4: What relevant newsgroups and FAQs are there? Besides the obvious comp.ai.genetic, there exist some other newsgroups that sometimes carry EC related topics: o comp.ai (FAQ in news.answers, comp.answers) o comp.ai.fuzzy (FAQ in news.answers, comp.answers) o comp.ai.jair.announce (FAQ in news.answers, comp.answers) o comp.ai.jair.papers (PostScript papers of the Journal of AI Research, published by Morgan Kaufmann <morgan@unix.sri.com>) [eds note: this is the first journal that's completely published on USENET first, and later in paper form; read the jair-faq, that's posted to the announcement group to find out how to submit your papers, get JAIR papers by FTP, Gopher or e-mail, etc.] o comp.ai.neural-nets (FAQ in news.answers, comp.answers) o comp.robotics (FAQ in news.answers, comp.answers) o comp.theory.cell-automata (no FAQ) o comp.theory.dynamic-sys (no FAQ) o comp.theory.self-org-sys (no FAQ) o sci.bio.evolution (no FAQ) o sci.math.num-analysis (some FAQs in news.answers, sci.answers) o sci.op-research (some FAQs in news.answers, sci.answers) ------------------------------ Subject: Q15.5: What about all these Internet Services? The Internet supports a variety of on-line services, and a number of tools are available to enable people to make good use of these, including: telnet, FTP, gopher, veronica, archie, Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), and the World-Wide Web (WWW). Information about using Internet is available from a number of sources, many accesible on-line, via email or FTP. To receive a short guide to using anonymous FTP, send e-mail with the text "help" to <info@sunsite.unc.edu>. If you dont have FTP access, you can retrieve documents using the FTP-by-email service. The "ftpmail" service is installed on several sites to allow transmission of FTPable files from almost anywhere. To get the PostScript version of this FAQ from ENCORE, (See Q15.3) for example, send a message to (for example) <ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com> containing the lines: reply <your-own-e-mail-address-here> connect alife.santafe.edu get pub/USER-AREA/EC/FAQ/hhgtec-2.1.ps.gz quit where <your-e-mail-address> is e.g. foo@bar.edu FTPmail sites available are listed below. Use one that is near you for best PERFORMANCE. (USA) <ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com> <ftpmail@sunsite.unc.edu> <bitftp@pucc.princeton.edu> (Europe) <bitftp@dearn> or to <bitftp@vm.gmd.de> <ftpmail@ftp.uni-stuttgart.de> <ftpmail@ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de> <ftpmail@grasp.insa-lyon.fr> <bitftp@plearn.edu.pl> or <bitftp@plearn> <ftpmail@ftp.inf.tu-dresden.de> <ftpmail@ftp.uni-stuttgart.de> <ftpmail@doc.ic.ak.uk> Documents from the archive at <rtfm.mit.edu> can be retrieved similarly by sending email to <mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu>, containing a message such as: send usenet/news.answers/index send usenet/news.answers/ai-faq/genetic/part1 quit References Kehoe, B.P. (1992) "Zen and the Art of the Internet: A Beginner's Guide to the Internet", 2nd Edition (July). Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 112 pages. The 1st Edition, (February) is available in PostScript format via anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.widener.edu: and many other Internet archives. Krol, E. (1992) "The Whole Internet: Catalog & User's Guide". O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., Sebastopol, CA. 376 pages. LaQuey, T. and J.C. Ryer (1992) "The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking". Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA. 208 pages. Smith, Una R. (1993) "A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources." USENET sci.answers. ~45 pages. Available via gopher, anonymous FTP and e-mail from many archives, eg. rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet/sci.answers/biology/guide/part? Gaffin, A. (1993) "The Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet." Published by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF). Available by FTP from ftp.eff.org:/pub/Net_info/Big_Dummy/big-dummys-guide.txt (ASCII) and ftp.eff.org:/pub/Net_info/Big_Dummy/big-dummys-guide.sea.hqx (Macintosh HyperCard stack). Gaffin, A. with Heitkoetter, J. (1993, 1994) "The Big Dummy's Guide to the Internet: A round trip through Global Networks, Life in Cyberspace, and Everything...", aka `bdgtti.texi' is available from ftp.eff.org:/pub/Net_info/Big_Dummy/Other_versions/ (Texinfo, ASCII, HTML, DVI and PostScript). The European edition is kept on ftp.germany.eu.net:/pub/books/big-dummys-guide/ ~250 pages. The EARN Association (May 1993) "A Guide to Network Resource Tools", available via e-mail from <listserv@EARNCC.bitnet>, by sending the message "get nettools ps" (PostScript) or "get nettools memo" (plain text). ------------------------------ End of ai-faq/genetic/part4 ***************************